DELIVERABLE 4.4 | NOVEMBER 2023
Introduction of the report
Transforming Power Transmission: The Rise of HVDC Technology
In the dynamic pursuit of ambitious European energy targets, High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology has emerged as a keystone in reshaping power transmission systems. Traditionally utilized to link distant power generation sources or connect non-synchronous AC systems, HVDC proves instrumental in alleviating congestion and fostering interconnections among previously isolated grids [1].
Multi-Terminal HVDC Systems: A Paradigm Shift
The paradigm shift in HVDC implementation is prominently showcased by the burgeoning interest in multi-terminal HVDC systems. These systems offer flexible power transmission, redundancy, and a diminished need for infrastructure when compared to traditional point-to-point HVDC links. Innovative proposals, such as offshore wind “hubs,” where multiple wind farms channel their energy through various HVDC cables to different countries, exemplify this novel approach [2]. The driving force behind this transformation is crystal clear: meeting the ambitious EU targets outlined in the “Fit for 55” legislative package and the REPowerEU plan demands tapping into the immense potential of renewable sources on an unprecedented scale. Europe envisions a robust 592 GW of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation and 510 GW of wind generation by 2030, requiring substantial annual additions of 48 GW for solar PV and 36 GW for wind [3].
Challenges and Solutions: Navigating the Path of HVDC Growth
Despite its pivotal role, the growth of HVDC technology is not without challenges, particularly in the realms of safety and grid reliability. In emerging multi-terminal DC systems, such as the North Sea Wind Power Hub program [2], ensuring that the system does not compromise critical onshore AC grid parameters like the maximum permissible power loss is imperative.
HVDC’s Crucial Role in Offshore Wind Connections
In the face of these challenges, HVDC technology continues to assume a pivotal role. Already, it has demonstrated its efficacy in connecting extensive offshore wind farms (OWF) to onshore grid connection points. The German North Sea project, for instance, stands as a testament to HVDC’s effectiveness in achieving long-distance connections for offshore wind energy.
As we celebrate one year of HVDC advancements, it’s evident that this technology will remain at the forefront of the European energy landscape, steering the course towards a sustainable and interconnected future.